What to do to cure breast cancer

Hearing the word "cancer" often sends chills down one’s spine. There was a time when cancer was thought to have no answer and was considered a death sentence. But today, this perception is baseless. With the advancements in modern science, cancer is no longer an inevitable end. Cancer treatment is now within reach, and if detected early, it’s possible to treat and even fully cure this disease in many cases. The challenge is that many women don’t seek medical advice promptly.

Furthermore, societal restrictions, social stigma, and a lack of awareness often cause patients to delay consulting a doctor. In some cases, by the time cancer is diagnosed, it has spread beyond the breast to the armpit or other parts of the body. At this stage, treatment becomes more expensive, and the risk of death increases.

Among the most common cancers affecting women is breast cancer. According to the World Health Organization, in 2022, breast cancer claimed the lives of 670,000 women globally. Although breast cancer predominantly affects women, men can also develop this cancer, primarily due to a condition called Klinefelter’s Syndrome. The likelihood of men developing breast cancer ranges from 0.5 to 1%. Breast cancer is a severe disease, and like the rest of the world, women in Bangladesh face a high risk of developing it. Every year, approximately 13,000–14,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer in Bangladesh, with about 6,000–7,000 dying from it. However, if breast cancer is detected early and treated promptly, it’s possible to fully cure 100% of patients. October is globally recognized as Breast Cancer Awareness Month to raise awareness among the public about this disease.

Causes of Breast Cancer:

Though the exact cause is unknown, certain factors increase the risk of cancer, including:

1. Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age, especially over 55.

2. Lifestyle Factors: Smoking (direct or passive), prolonged alcohol use, lack of exercise, and obesity are all associated with a higher risk.

3. Family History: A family history of breast cancer is a significant risk factor.

4. Hormonal Factors: Hormone replacement therapy, early onset of menstruation, and late menopause increase the risk.

5. Childbearing and Breastfeeding: Women who have never been pregnant, those who give birth to their first child after age 30, or those who don’t breastfeed have a higher risk, whereas multiple pregnancies and breastfeeding lower the risk.

6. Radiation Exposure: Women who have undergone radiotherapy in the chest area for other cancers, particularly at a young age, have a higher risk later in life.

Symptoms:

When certain cells in the breast grow abnormally, they can form a tumor, which may turn into cancer. Here are some warning signs that may indicate breast cancer:

1. Lump or mass in the breast, hardening of tissue, or changes in breast size or shape.

2. Retraction or inversion of the nipple, which may not have been inverted before.

3. Dark pigmentation, flaking skin, or peeling around the nipple or other areas of the breast.

4. Discharge or bleeding from the nipple.

5. Changes in the color or texture of the breast skin, such as dimpling.

6. Swelling or lumps in the armpit area adjacent to the breast.

Diagnosis:

Breast cancer can be diagnosed at an early stage through two primary methods. If you notice any symptoms, consult a doctor immediately and undergo the necessary tests. Additionally, those without symptoms but in high-risk groups should undergo cancer screening.

Clinical Breast Examination:

A clinical examination involves a healthcare professional carefully examining the breast and armpit for any lumps or abnormal changes.

Self-Breast Examination:

Women should perform regular self-examinations of their breasts. By checking monthly on a specific day, any irregularities or changes can be identified early. If you notice any unusual symptoms, consult a doctor.

Treatment:

Treatment for breast cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy are various treatments used to cure breast cancer. In some cases, if cancer cells are not entirely destroyed, there is a chance of recurrence. Therefore, regular check-ups are crucial.

Remember, Breast Cancer Can Be Prevented:

Here are some tips for prevention:

1. Start self-exams monthly from age 30. Women over 40 or 50 should have annual ultrasounds and mammograms.

2. If you notice any abnormal changes, consult a healthcare professional for a clinical examination.

3. If the doctor finds any lumps or other abnormalities, follow their advice and undergo tests like mammograms, ultrasounds, biopsies, or tissue tests as necessary.

4. Maintain a healthy weight, avoid smoking, and limit alcohol intake. Breastfeeding and a balanced diet, regular exercise, and healthy body weight help in controlling breast cancer risk.

Thanks to modern science, cancer is no longer synonymous with death. With awareness and prompt action, breast cancer can be prevented. If treated at the onset of symptoms, full recovery is achievable. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can lead to a complete cure. Therefore, to protect ourselves from the menace of breast cancer, we need proper education and awareness.

Dr. A B M Abdullah: Specialist in Medicine and Emeritus Professor, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University.