One in four World Cup matches risks extreme heat, scientists warn

The 2026 FIFA World Cup, set to kick off on June 11 across 16 stadiums in the United States, Canada and Mexico, faces a significant health risk from extreme heat driven by climate change, researchers have warned.

According to an analysis by the World Weather Attribution research network, at least 26 of the 104 matches could see the "wet-bulb globe temperature" reach 26°C. This index measures the combined impact of heat, humidity, sunlight and wind on the human body's ability to cool itself.

At 26°C WBGT, the international footballers' union FIFPro recommends additional cooling measures. At 28°C or above, FIFPro advises that matches should be postponed or cancelled due to serious health risks to players.

Researchers estimate that at least five matches could exceed 28°C WBGT, roughly double the risk level of the 1994 World Cup in the United States.

The final at the MetLife Stadium in New Jersey could be played with a one-in-eight chance of the WBGT reaching 26°C and a 2.7 per cent chance of hitting 28°C.

While stadiums in Dallas, Houston and Atlanta have air conditioning systems, many high-risk matches will be played in venues without such facilities.

Friederike Otto, co-founder of the World Weather Attribution and climate science professor at Imperial College London, said the fact that even a global event like the World Cup final could face such heat risks is a major warning sign for FIFA and fans alike.

She also noted that the risk extends beyond players to spectators gathering outside stadiums in large crowds, where medical support may not be readily available.