Type 2 diabetes on rise among children

Once considered a condition primarily affecting adults, Type 2 diabetes is now alarmingly increasing among children. According to the latest statistics from 2019, 20% of children diagnosed with diabetes were found to have Type 2 diabetes. Data from BIRDEM General Hospital in Dhaka reveals that approximately 8,000 children there are living with diabetes, of which around 1,600, aged 0–16 years, have Type 2 diabetes.

What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Type 2 diabetes occurs when blood sugar (glucose) levels become excessively high due to problems with the hormone insulin. Insulin regulates glucose levels in the blood and helps produce energy. When glucose levels rise, it can damage blood vessels, nerves, the eyes, heart, liver, and kidneys. Type 2 diabetes also increases the risk of vision loss and cardiac arrest.

Why Are Children Developing This Condition?
Dr. Prashanta Prosonno Dey, former assistant professor of endocrinology at Kumudini Women’s Medical College & Hospital, explained that Type 2 diabetes is steadily increasing among children and adolescents in Bangladesh.

He stated that this was once an adult-onset condition but is now being seen worldwide in children and teenagers.

When asked why this trend is rising, he pointed to factors such as unhealthy lifestyles, polluted environments, poor dietary habits, and a preference for fast food and processed meals instead of balanced, nutritious diets. Additionally, family history, genetics, ethnicity, and exposure to certain viruses can contribute to the condition.

He further highlighted that diabetes could even develop in utero. A child born to a diabetic mother has a higher risk of developing diabetes. Moreover, feeding babies cow’s milk or formula instead of breast milk in the first three months of life can also increase their risk.

Associated Risks
Experts warn that the complications of diabetes extend beyond the disease itself. It can affect multiple organs, leading to severe health issues.

Dr. Syed Shafi Ahmed, former director of the Bangladesh Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Sick Children, stated that diabetes is becoming alarmingly prevalent among children.

He explained that diabetes can cause complications in the brain, kidneys, and heart, with risks including blindness and potential organ failure. If the trend continues, future generations could face significant physical, mental, and economic challenges.

Symptoms in Children
Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to preventing severe complications. Key symptoms to watch for in children include frequent urination and excessive thirst.

Doctors emphasize the importance of regular blood tests and a controlled lifestyle to reduce the risk of diabetes.

Prevention and Management
The only way to manage diabetes is through healthy living and lifestyle changes.

Dr. Syed Shafi Ahmed recommends a diet rich in complex carbohydrates, vegetables, and fruits. He emphasizes the need for healthy eating habits and increased awareness among parents and caregivers.

He advises feeding children three balanced meals daily at fixed times and avoiding sugary, fatty, and processed foods. Restricting junk food and encouraging physical activity is crucial for maintaining children’s health.

Additionally, engaging children in regular exercise and sports can significantly help prevent Type 2 diabetes.